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Global corporate tax reforms and how they might reduce profit shifting of multinational corporations
Pravda, Matúš ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
Global corporate tax reforms and how they might reduce profit shifting of multinational corporations Matúš Pravda 3rd January 2023 This study examines whether global corporate tax reforms might increase tax revenue which was reduced by the profit shifting of multinational corpora- tions. These reforms have been built on the minimum corporate tax rate and redistribution of undertaxed profits. Tax revenue gains of jurisdictions under all three tested global models show significant improvement in contrast to the status quo. Pillar II proposal would bring USD 198 billion in extra revenue, METR proposal USD 305 billion and the Tax deficit model USD 214 billion in 2017. However, significant differences are observed between geographical re- gions and income groups. North America and the EU are the largest recipients of extra tax revenue whereas Africa and Latin America & the Caribbean Islands are the smallest. Income group results show the same composition with high- income countries contributing by around three-quarters to the extra revenue gains. BEFIT Scenario 2 would result in USD 33 billion in extra tax revenue for the EU Member States, which is double the amount of Scenario 1. 1
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Fiscal benefits and environmental costs of the corporate tax race to the bottom
Čep, Jiří ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janský, Petr (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to compare the fiscal benefits and environmen- tal costs of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) gained through lowering the corporate tax. We achieve this by utilizing a dataset constructed from multiple sources, primarily World Bank, UN, and UNU WIDER. It encom- passes 223 countries and territories between 1990 and 2020. In the three-step model, we first explain the variation in FDI due to a change in the corpo- rate tax rate, later investigate the effect of the change of FDI on government corporate tax revenue, and finally, we examine the effect of FDI change on CO2 emissions. We then convert those to monetary terms using the social costs of carbon mechanics. The results show that although we have discovered a significant positive fiscal effect of corporate tax cut, we have failed to prove the existence of a causal relationship between FDI change and change in CO2 emissions per capita. Moreover, we did not find evidence of this relationship on any regional or development level. We verified the existence of a positive impact of corporate tax cut on incoming FDI. Keywords Corporate taxation, greenhouse gas emissions, social costs of carbon, for- eign direct investment, tax havens
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Corporate tax harmonisation under the EU law
Nymburský, Ondřej ; Vondráčková, Aneta (advisor) ; Tomášek, Michal (referee)
Corporate Tax Harmonisation under the EU Law Abstract in English language The diploma thesis focuses on the corporate tax harmonisation from the perspective of European law; in particular it analyses selected aspects of common system of taxation applicable to parent and subsidiary companies, common system of taxation applicable to interest and royalty payments and the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (ATAD). Its aim is to analyse selected secondary legislation de lege lata in the light of the judicial practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union as well as related issues arising under the primary legislation, including the limits of competences. The thesis consists of the introduction, four chapters and the conclusion. The first chapter deals with theoretical introduction to the taxation terminology and stages of tax cooperation between tax jurisdiction, i.e. coordination, aproximation and harmonisation, together with tax competition. In the second chapter, the reader is acquainted with the harmonisation process of direct taxation and its legal basis under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and primary legislation limits. The third chapter is fundamental as it focuses on comprehensive analysis of selected secondary legislation, while presenting and analysing the case law of the Court...
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Deterrents of capital flight: Evidence from post-Soviet countries
Simachyova, Valeriya ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
This master thesis studies the effect of government debt, corporate taxation, and inflation rate on the trade misreporting gap. Furthermore, this thesis attempted to replicate and expand the analysis of Kellenberg and Levinson (2019) on the subset of post-Soviet countries on a greater timespan to identify whether a generalized conclusion is applicable for all the developing countries. The data was collected from numerous resources (UN Comtrade, CEPII, World bank, GCR, De Sousa (2012)), with the final sample consisting of 127 countries where the leading trading partner was one of the countries from the post-Soviet union in the timespan between 2002 and 2020. It was found that for the exporting country, the government debt is positively associated with the trade gap, while there is no significant impact of corporate taxes and inflation. On the contrary, for the importer, the smaller the government debt, the larger the trade misreporting gap; the higher corporate taxation has a positive association with the illicit behavior, which can be explained by the incentive to misreport traded value; the inflation rate does not affect the trade reporting gap. Change of the data sample neither significantly affected trade gap distribution nor affected the conclusions of the earlier research.
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CCCTB its development and application
Mišička, Kamil ; Finardi, Savina (advisor) ; Tecl, Jan (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on the concept of CCCTB, its historical development and the application of the allocation formula for the division of the common consolidated corporate tax base. At the beginning is the attention paid to coordination and harmonization within the European Union. Subsequently, the work is concerned with the proposal itself. It describes proposal from 2011 and its methods for determining the tax base, its consolidation and its distribution among the members of the group. The 2011 proposal is compared with two new proposals from 2016 - the CCTB and the CCCTB. More detailed descriptions of significant differences are described. The last chapter of the thesis then calculates the distribution of the consolidated base in the conditions of the selected company.
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Comparison of Corporate Taxation in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom
Štěpánková, Zuzana ; Skálová, Jana (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the comparison of corporate taxation in the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom. In the first chapter, the terms tax and tax system are described and the Czech and the UK tax systems are analysed and compared. The second chapter deals with corporate taxation, its history and current trends. It is deeply focused on the corporate taxation in the observed countries. In the third chapter the deferred tax is explained and the impact of corporate taxation rules on deferred tax is analysed. The crux of my thesis lies in the evaluation and comparison of both systems of the corporate taxation.
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System for evaluation of taxation of multinational enterprises in the Czech Republic
Janský, Petr
The methodology presents the system of indicators for evaluation of taxation of international companies active in the Czech Republic. Based on the identification of the potential channels of corporate tax base erosion and profit shifting of multinational enterprises it enables to recognise companies whose taxation policy might not be in line with the best practice. Extreme values of the indicators might initiate further examination of a company by state authorities. This methodology thus complements the existing set of analytical tools of the Financial Administration of the Czech Republic in the area of taxation of multinational enterprises.
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Effective tax rate of corporations in Czech Republic and Germany
Kopecká, Magda ; Kubátová, Květa (advisor) ; Morávková, Jana (referee)
In my diploma thesis I deal with an effective tax rate on corporate income. The effective tax rate is an indicator that measures real tax burden, which is due to tax legislation different from tax burden corresponding with statutory tax rate. The aim of my thesis is to analyze the effective tax rate of corporations in Czech Republic and Germany in years 2005 and 2013. In first and second chapter I deal with tax systems in both countries. Following chapter is dedicated to determination methods of effective tax rates. In forth chapter are, based on data from Amadeus database, calculated the effective tax rates of corporations in Czech Republic and Germany. In fifth chapter I focus on causes of differences between effective and statutory tax rate and with reference to the lax I analyze the difference between effective tax rates in years 2005 and 2013.
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Tax aspects of selected corporate
Žilka, Ivo ; Vančurová, Alena (advisor) ; Finardi, Savina (referee)
The thesis deals with the identification of problems and drawbacks of taxation of a particular company as well as proposals of their solutions in the 2008 - 2010 period. This is achieved in the first two parts of the thesis by the monitoring of partial aspects related to the taxation. It is mainly an analysis of the structure of individual possessions, pointing out their relation to the taxation, and the description of applied methods and rules. Here is also outlined, by means of a basic financial analysis, the relationship of the company to Czech economy. The following part is concerned with an analysis of individual tax duties of the company in question. Further, it contains a detailed description of the methods of tax calculation with all the particularities related to the process of taxation, their annual comparison and problem exposure. Last but not least, there is a detailed problem analysis, including proposed recommendations. The whole thesis, using the method of comparison, follows the process in the given period.
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The Business Environment in the Czech Republic - the Greatest Weaknesses
Čiháková, Andrea ; Lukáš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kalínská, Emílie (referee)
This Bachelor thesis identifies and analyzes the greatest weaknesses of the business environment in the Czech Republic from the point of view of both the Czech entrepreneurs and an international comparison. We concluded that the system of taxation proves to be excessively demanding and so is the level of administration required that has an adverse effect on the life of the entreprise. The continuous improvements made on the side of public affairs administration and the introduction of electronic communication with the private sector should guarantee better results. The level of corruption perceived remains high and the Czech government increases the attention paid to this issue. Finally, the current economic crisis may change the features of the Czech labour market that can be characterized by its rigidity due to resctrictive labour regulations and low mobility and non-correspondence of qualifications.
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